New AIJER now accepts submissions exclusively via the Editorial Scholar portal — a dedicated submission & review system.
Go to Editorial Scholar →
Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd. | COPE Member
UGC-CARE Group I Google Scholar |
Arthshastra Indian Journal of Economics & Research logo

Arthshastra Indian Journal of Economics & Research

ISSN: 2278-1811 Frequency: Quarterly Peer Review: Double-blind Published since: 2012 Language: English
A publication of AMCPL
amcon.co.in
New Delhi, India
Indexed in: UGC-CARE Group I Google Scholar J-Gate

Pension Finance Literacy of Indian Government Employees with Respect to the National Pension Scheme

Open Access Original Article

Pension Finance Literacy of Indian Government Employees with Respect to the National Pension Scheme

Shruti Aggarwal1,  Ashu Khanna2

1 Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Distt. Haridwar - 247 667, Uttrakhand

2 Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Distt. Haridwar - 247 667, Uttrakhand

Volume 10
Issue 2-3
Pages 41–57
Year 2021
Received: Jan. 15, 2021 Accepted: June 29, 2021 Published: Sept. 30, 2021
Abstract

Pension finance literacy of individuals in India is still at a nascent stage owing to low interest and lack of awareness in this sector. The Government of India, in 2004, introduced the National Pension Scheme for government employees in place of the Old Pension Scheme. A survey was done to examine employees’ awareness about the new scheme and understand whether they were aware of the various features of the scheme. The survey included a questionnaire designed specifically for government employees and included questions regarding the scheme’s features and characteristics. Another aim of the survey was to inspect the satisfaction level of the people from the new scheme. The participants included Central and State government employees. Analysis of the results was done using t-test and ANOVA. The effect of demographic variables such as education, gender, income, and marital status on government employees’ pension finance literacy was measured. The results revealed the mixed response of employees. Although a good number of people were found to be aware of the various aspects of the scheme, demographic variables majorly affected the awareness level. Employees were found to be dissatisfied with the scheme’s performance. People wanted some changes in the scheme in aspects such as withdrawal and taxation and generally thought that the scheme was not employee-friendly. Based on the discussion with employees, some suggestions have been put forward so as to make the scheme more alluring.

Keywords NPS Financial Literacy Awareness Demographic Variables Government Employees DC Pension System
How to Cite

Shruti Aggarwal, Ashu Khanna (2021). Pension Finance Literacy of Indian Government Employees with Respect to the National Pension Scheme. Arthshastra Indian Journal of Economics & Research, 10(2-3), 41–57. https://doi.org/10.17010/aijer/2021/v10i2-3/167173

References
  1. Acharjee, C., & Dutta, S. (2013). Relationship between economic development and population ageing: An empirical study on selected states of India. Arthshastra Indian Journal of Economics and Research, 2(3), 23 – 31. https://doi.org/10.17010/aijer/2013/v2i3/54519.
  2. Agnew, J. R., & Szykman, L. R. (2005). Asset allocation and information overload : The influence of information display, asset choice, and investor experience. Journal of Behavioral Finance, 6(2), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15427579jpfm0602_2
  3. Agnew, J. R., Szykman, L., Utkus, S. P., & Young, J. A. (2007). Literacy, trust and 401 (K) savings behavior. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1299171
  4. Arnone, W. J. (2004). Educating pension plan participants (Pension Research Council Working Paper, No. 2004–07). The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. https://repository.upenn.edu/prc_papers/398
  5. Beck, S. H. (1984). Retirement preparation programs: Differentials in opportunity and use. Journal of Gerontology, 39(5), 596 – 602. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/39.5.596
  6. Calvert, L., Campbell, J. Y, & Sodini, P. (2006). Down or out: Assessing the welfare costs of household investment mistakes (NBER Working Paper No. 12030). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w12030
  7. Choi, J., Laibson, D., Madrian, B., & Metrick, A. (2005). Saving for retirement on the path of least resistance. In E. J. McCaffery & J. Slemrod (Eds.), Behavioral public finance: Toward a new agenda (pp. 304 – 351). Russell Sage Foundation.
  8. Evans, L., Ekerdt, D. J., & Bosse, R. (1985). Proximity to retirement and anticipatory involvement : Findings from the normative aging study. Journal of Gerontology, 40(3), 368–374. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/40.3.368
  9. Hastings, J., Mitchell, O. S., & Chyn, E. (2011). Financial literacy and pension fund fees. Trends and issues. TIAA-CREF Institute. https://www.tiaainstitute.org/sites/default/f
  10. Imam, A. (2011). Pension fund management in India: Government role and regulatory issues. ZENITH: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 1(7), 377–387.
  11. Invest India Economic Foundation. (2011). India’s pension reform: Chronology of events. IIEF, New Delhi.
  12. Jacobs-Lawson, J. M., & Hershey, D. A. (2002). Perceptions of financial stability in retirement : Do Americans really know what to expect ? In S. P. Shohov (Ed.), Advances in psychology research (Vol. 22, pp. 123–136). NOVA Publishing Company.
  13. Kefela, G. T. (2010). Promoting access to finance by empowering consumers: Financial literacy in developing countries. Educational Research and Reviews, 5(5), 205–212. https://academicjournals.org/article/article1379607640_kefela.pdf
  14. Kilty, K. M., & Behling, J. H. (1986). Retirement financial planning among professional workers. The Gerontologist, 26(5), 525 – 530. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/26.5.525
  15. Krishna, A. (2010). One illness away: Why people become poor and how they escape poverty. Oxford University Press.
  16. Landerretche, O., & Martinez, C. (2013). Voluntary savings, financial behavior and pension finance literacy: Evidence from Chile. Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 12(3), 251–297. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474747212000340
  17. Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2007). Financial literacy and retirement planning: New evidence from the Rand American Life Panel (Michigan Retirement Research Center Research Paper No. WP 2007-157). http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1095869
  18. Lusardi, A. (2006). Financial literacy and financial education: Review and policy implications. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.923437
  19. Mitchell, O. S., & Utkus, S. P. (2003). Lessons from behavioral finance for retirement plan design (Wharton Pension Research Council Working Paper No. 2003-06). https://repository.upenn.edu/prc_papers/422
  20. Moore, D. L. (2003). Survey of financial literacy in Washington State: Knowledge, behavior, attitudes, and experiences (SESRC Technical Report 03–39). Social and Economic Sciences Research Center, Washington State University. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4729.4722
  21. Planning Commission. (2008). Eleventh Five-Year plan. http://planningcommission.gov.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/11th/ 11_v1/11th_vol1.pd
  22. Remund, D. L. (2010). Financial literacy explicated : The case for a clearer definition in an increasingly complex economy. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 44(2), 276–295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2010.01169.x
  23. Richardson, V., & Kilty, K. M. (1989). Retirement financial planning among black professionals. The Gerontologist 29(1), 32–37. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/29.1.32
  24. Sane, R., & Thomas, S. (2014). The way forward for India’s National Pension System (IGIDR Working Paper 2014-022). Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
  25. Sunden, A. E., & Surette, B. J. (1998). Gender differences in the allocation of assets in retirement savings plans. The American Economic Review, 88(2), 207–211. https://www.jstor.org/stable/116920
  26. Weagley, R. O., & Eunjeong, H. (2004). The impact of retirement on household leisure expenditures. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 38(2), 262–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2004.tb00868.x
  27. Wills, L., & Ross, D. (2002). Exploring the retirement savings gap: An Australian perspective. Pensions Institute, Birckbeck College. http://hdl.handle.net/10068/443964
  28. Worthington, A. C. (2005). Debt as a source of financial stress in Australian households. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30(1), 2–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00420.x
Editorial Scholar

Submit your Research to AIJER

Submit your Manuscript → Author Guidelines