Purpose : Multidimensional research on food security was vital in an era marked by changing dietary requirements, expanding populations, and shifting climate patterns. This study evaluated food security from multiple angles for rural women who work as agricultural laborers in Puducherry.

Methodology : A mixed-method approach was employed, and data were collected from a random sample of 5,044 female agricultural workers across all 98 rural revenue villages in the union territory of Puducherry. Through a combination of data analysis, the research also studied the percentage of respondents who were most insecure, insecure, secure, and most secure through simple statistical methods and the relationship between food security status and other parameters such as type of ration card, daily wages, days of employment and income per month.

Findings : The study revealed that 0.5% to 7.0%, 7.1% to 27.3%, 8.9% to 26.0%, and 57.9% to 69.7% of the respondents were the most insecure, insecure, secure, and secure groups, respectively. The study also revealed that most individuals in all categories hold the below-poverty line (BPL) card. The most insecure category had a higher percentage of respondents earning lower wages (<₹150) and employed for fewer days (<15). In contrast, those in the most secure category had a more significant proportion of individuals earning higher wages (>₹300) and employed for more days (>25). A substantial proportion had an income in the range of ₹3,000–₹10,000.

Implications : The results underscore the reliance on external sources for food, sacrifices made for children, and the importance of socioeconomic factors. The findings offered insights for targeted interventions and policy improvements to address food security challenges effectively.

Originality : This micro-level study offered a granular perspective, delving into the specific dynamics that shape food security at local levels – within communities, households, and individuals.

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